![]() ![]() Responsibility for these ineffective measures was shared by scientists, a number of governmental agencies, and politicians who failed to act in time to prevent severe spoliation of the Great Lakes. Costconscious commercial shipping interests resisted cleaning up ballast waters. The Coast Guard is characterized as an ineffective enforcer of environmental regulations for ships. Lawrence Seaway and the muddy slop left in holds after they were flushed with sea water carried invasive species. Ballast waters of ocean freighters entering the St. The Environmental Protection Agency failed to help in the fight against invasive species because it exempted ship-ballast waters from federal water-pollution-control measures in l973 and maintained that position until 2008. In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:ฤก60 Michigan Historical Review Environmental Protection Agency in 1970, while another was the strengthening of federal laws to control water pollution, which were eventually consolidated in the Clean Water Act of l977. ![]()
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